Atmospheric CO2 Depletion near the Surface in the Martian Polar Regions

Sylvain Piqueux, Paul O. Hayne, Armin Kleinböhl, David M. Kass, Mathias Schreier, Daniel J. McCleese, Mark I. Richardson, John T. Schofield, James H. Shirley, Nicholas Heavens

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
4800 Oak Grove Drive
Pasadena, CA 91109
USA

Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences and Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
University of Colorado Boulder
USA

Aeolis Research
USA

Space Science Institute
USA

Copyright 2023. All Rights Reserved.

Corresponding author: Sylvain Piqueux
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
M/S 183-301
4800 Oak Grove Drive
Pasadena, CA 91109
USA

Sylvain.Piqueux@jpl.nasa.gov
Phone: 818-393-9595
Fax: 818-354-2494


Supporting information associated with the paper "Atmospheric CO2 Depletion near the Surface in the Martian Polar Regions" by Piqueux et al. consists of 17 files generated as part of this work and used to create the figures of this paper:

###Figure 1###
- co2ice_emissivity_emAng70.emis is a 3501 x 1000 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing the emissivity of CO2 ice as a function of wavelength and crystal size for an emission angle of 70 degrees;

- co2ice_emissivity_emAng70.reff is a 3501 x 1000 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing the CO2 crystal size in microns;

- co2ice_emissivity_emAng70.wlum is a 3501 x 1000 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing the wavelength in microns;
These three files were used to generate Figure 1.


###Figure 2###
- Fig_2_T12_N.map is a 500 x 500 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing a map of the surface temperature deviation from the local CO2 frost point [K];
> Polar orthographic projection;
> MCS Channel A4, T_12 from 40N to 90N, 240 < Ls < 300;
> -999.99 outside the seasonal polar cap as defined here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.045;
>  999.99 on the seasonal polar cap as defined here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.045; 
This file was used to generate Figure 2, North Hemisphere (top left panel).

- Fig_2_T22_N.map is a 500 x 500 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing a map of the surface temperature deviation from the local CO2 frost point [K];
> Polar orthographic projection; 
> MCS Channel A5, T_22 from 40N to 90N, 240 < Ls < 300;
> -999.99 outside the seasonal polar cap as defined here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.045;
>  999.99 on the seasonal polar cap as defined here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.045; 
This file was used to generate Figure 2, North Hemisphere (top right panel).

- Fig_2_T12_S.map is a 500 x 500 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing a map of the surface temperature deviation from the local CO2 frost point [K];
> Polar orthographic projection; 
> MCS Channel A4, T_12 from 40S to 90S, 80 < Ls < 120;
> -999.99 outside the seasonal polar cap as defined here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.045;
>  999.99 on the seasonal polar cap as defined here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.045; 
This file was used to generate Figure 2, South Hemisphere (bottom left panel).

- Fig_2_T22_S.map is a 500 x 500 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing a map of the surface temperature deviation from the local CO2 frost point [K];
> Polar orthographic projection; 
> MCS Channel A5, T_22 from 40S to 90S, 80 < Ls < 120;
> -999.99 outside the seasonal polar cap as defined here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.045;
>  999.99 on the seasonal polar cap as defined here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.045; 
This file was used to generate Figure 2, South Hemisphere (bottom right panel).


###Figure 3###
- Fig_3.dat is a 2 x 1 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 240 < Ls < 250
Column 2) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K] - MCS Channel A5, T_22 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 240 < Ls < 250
This file was used to generate the scatter plot in Figure 3.

-Fig_3_Fits.dat is a 4 x 1 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Best fit (least square) to the data contained in Fig_3.dat
Column 2) 95% confidence fit to the data contained in Fig_3.dat (inferior)
Column 3) 95% confidence fit to the data contained in Fig_3.dat (superior)
Column 4) Arbitrary T_12 - T_22 [K]
This file was used to generate the regression curves in Figure 3.


###Figure 4###
- See Table 2


###Figure 5###
- Fig_5.dat is a 4 x 1000 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Thickness of the near-surface highly CO2-depleted layer [km]
Column 2) Column-integrated equivalent non-condensable enhancement factor EF_NC [1] if the upper non-depleted layer has EF_NC = 0.8
Column 3) Column-integrated equivalent non-condensable enhancement factor EF_NC [1] if the upper non-depleted layer has EF_NC = 1.0
Column 4) Column-integrated equivalent non-condensable enhancement factor EF_NC [1] if the upper non-depleted layer has EF_NC = 1.2
This file was used to generate the curves in Figure 5.

- Fig_5.dv is a davinci script (http://davinci.asu.edu) containing line-by-line commands used to generate Fig_5.dat
These commands write Fig_5.dat in the local home directory.



###Figure A1###
- Fig_A1_N.dat is a 3 x 6 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Kinetic temperature of the North cap [K] when the aerosol used for the retrieval is CO2 ice
Column 2) Kinetic temperature of the North cap [K] when the aerosol used for the retrieval is dust, same MCS input observations as Column 1
Column 3) Center latitude of the bin (10 degrees in size)
This file was used to generate parts of the scatter plot shown in Figure A1.

- Fig_A1_S.dat is a 3 x 6 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Kinetic temperature of the South cap [K] when the aerosol used for the retrieval is CO2 ice
Column 2) Kinetic temperature of the South cap [K] when the aerosol used for the retrieval is dust, same MCS input observations as Column 1
Column 3) Center latitude of the bin (10 degrees in size)
This file was used to generate parts of the scatter plot shown in Figure A1.



###Figure A2###
- Fig_A2_N.dat is a 3 x 6 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Non-condensable species enhancement factor of the North cap [1] when the aerosol used for the retrieval is CO2 ice
Column 2) Non-condensable species enhancement factor of the North cap [1] when the aerosol used for the retrieval is dust, same MCS input observations as Column 1
Column 3) Center latitude of the bin (10 degrees in size)
This file was used to generate parts of the scatter plot shown in Figure A2.

- Fig_A2_S.dat is a 3 x 6 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Non-condensable species enhancement factor of the South cap [1] when the aerosol used for the retrieval is CO2 ice
Column 2) Non-condensable species enhancement factor of the South cap [1] when the aerosol used for the retrieval is dust, same MCS input observations as Column 1
Column 3) Center latitude of the bin (10 degrees in size)
This file was used to generate parts of the scatter plot shown in Figure A2.



###Figure B1
- Fig_B1_a.dat is a 2 x 1 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 220 < Ls < 230
Column 2) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K] - MCS Channel A5, T_22 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 220 < Ls < 230
This file was used to generate the scatter plot in Figure B1, panel A.

- Fig_B1_b.dat is a 2 x 1 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 240 < Ls < 250
Column 2) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K] - MCS Channel A5, T_22 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 240 < Ls < 250
This file was used to generate the scatter plot in Figure B1, panel B.

- Fig_B1_c.dat is a 2 x 1 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 260 < Ls < 270
Column 2) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K] - MCS Channel A5, T_22 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 260 < Ls < 270
This file was used to generate the scatter plot in Figure B1, panel C.

- Fig_B1_d.dat is a 2 x 1 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 280 < Ls < 290
Column 2) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K] - MCS Channel A5, T_22 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 280 < Ls < 290
This file was used to generate the scatter plot in Figure B1, panel D.

- Fig_B1_e.dat is a 2 x 1 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 300 < Ls < 310
Column 2) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K] - MCS Channel A5, T_22 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 300 < Ls < 310
This file was used to generate the scatter plot in Figure B1, panel E.

- Fig_B1_f.dat is a 2 x 1 space-separated table of floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 320 < Ls < 330
Column 2) MCS Channel A4, T_12 [K] - MCS Channel A5, T_22 [K], 80-90°N using data acquired at 320 < Ls < 330
This file was used to generate the scatter plot in Figure B1, panel F.



###Figure C1###
- Fig_C1_a.dat is a 4 x 36 space-separated table of integers and floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Ls
Column 2) EMARS pressure [Pa]
Column 3) WRF pressure [Pa]
Column 4) Low pass filtered Viking Lander 1 pressure measurements [Pa]
This file was used to generate Figure C1, panel A.

- Fig_C1_b.dat is a 4 x 36 space-separated table of integers and floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Ls
Column 2) EMARS pressure [Pa]
Column 3) WRF pressure [Pa]
Column 4) Low pass filtered Viking Lander 1 pressure measurements [Pa]
This file was used to generate Figure C1, panel B.

- Fig_C1_c.dat is a 4 x 36 space-separated table of integers and floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Ls
Column 2) EMARS pressure [Pa]
Column 3) WRF pressure [Pa]
Column 4) Low pass filtered Viking Lander 1 pressure measurements [Pa]
This file was used to generate Figure C1, panel C.

- Fig_C1_d.dat is a 3 x 36 space-separated table of integers and floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Ls
Column 2) CO2 frost point temperature difference [K] resulting from modeled EMARS surface pressures vs. measured pressure on the ground by Viking Lander 1
Column 3) CO2 frost point temperature difference [K] resulting from modeled WRF surface pressures vs. measured pressure on the ground by Viking Lander 1
This file was used to generate Figure C1, panel D.

- Fig_C1_e.dat is a 3 x 36 space-separated table of integers and floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Ls
Column 2) CO2 frost point temperature difference [K] resulting from modeled EMARS surface pressures vs. measured pressure on the ground by Viking Lander 2
Column 3) CO2 frost point temperature difference [K] resulting from modeled WRF surface pressures vs. measured pressure on the ground by Viking Lander 2
This file was used to generate Figure C1, panel E.

- Fig_C1_f.dat is a 3 x 36 space-separated table of integers and floats in ascii format containing:
Column 1) Ls
Column 2) CO2 frost point temperature difference [K] resulting from modeled EMARS surface pressures vs. measured pressure on the ground by InSight
Column 3) CO2 frost point temperature difference [K] resulting from modeled WRF surface pressures vs. measured pressure on the ground by InSight
This file was used to generate Figure C1, panel F.

InSight, Viking Lander 1 and Viking Lander 2 pressure measurements available on the PDS:
https://atmos.nmsu.edu/data_and_services/atmospheres_data/MARS/viking/pt_by_by_sur_press_data.html
https://atmos.nmsu.edu/data_and_services/atmospheres_data/INSIGHT/insight.html
